Tire



Patented Nov. 18, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TIRE Seyed Khalil,New York, N. Y. Application october 29, 1947, serial No. 782,843

9 claims. 1

This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tires and isdirected more particularly to a tire having a compound casing.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending applicationsSerial Nos. 740,530, Y led April 10, 1947, now Patent No. 2,524,808,

dated October 10, 1950; 762,271, filed July 21, 1947, now Patent No.2,574,266, dated November 6, 1951 and 774,516, led September 17, 1947,now

. Patent No. 2,525,752, dated October 10, 1950. In saidbapplications, asingle casing is divided into chambers by means removably insertedtherein,

. and in the last mentioned application, the cas- Acasing is comprisedof two casings which, when inflated, are interlocked so that one issupported on the other. One form of the invention contemplates theprovision of metallic means between the casings and another formcontemplates the provision of non-metallic means between the casings.Since the interior compartments of the two casings are completelyisolated from each other, the flexure, where the casings are supportedon each other, is nil, and therefore in the individual chambers orcompartments, and in ac- E -cordance with the pressure at which theindiv vidual sections are inflated, I obtain differential exure, whichis superior to the ordinary flexure of tires of the prior art.

My compound casing is comprised of not less than two annular casings,the inner one of which is treadless and provided with an annulardepression to accommodate and support the next succeeding outer casingor, where only two casings are employed, the outer casing. The outercasing is provided with a tread. The air pressurel when the two casingsare inilated, holds the two together in locked relation.

'Ihe vcasing which is mounted on the wheel vor rimmay be termed theprimary casing, and the casing which is mounted on the .primary casing'and which carries a tread, may be termed the secondary casing. In themodication, Where y non-metallic means is provided between thecasings,the secondary casing, which is the outer .f one, is sealed offby the non-metallic means and may be inflated directly, instead of usingan inner tube. If this is done, the interior of the casing, at least aswide as the width of the tread, may have a coating of material thereonadapted to enter into and cure punctures.

My new and improved compound tire has qualities which were heretoforeunknown in this art and the most important .of these qualities is thefeature of obtaining differential flexure. l My differential ilexureprovides (l) a highly ecient and comfortable cushion: (2) it providesmuch greater safety, particularly where the vehicle is driven on acurved path; (3) it providesmore equable alignment of the wheels of avehicle, particularly when it is being driven at a high rate of speed;and (4) balancing of the Wheels ofthe vehicle.

To clearly explain the meaning of and the application of differentialflexure, it is herewith pointed out that with my new and improved tire,two types of ilexure are obtained: (1)Y lexure which might be termedordinary ilexure. and (2) flexure which might be termed extraordinarylexure.

The ordinary flexure may be sai-d to besir'nilar to the ordinary flexureobtained in many casings of the prior art, except, however, for the factthat my tire, which is composed of two casings, has two ordinaryflexures (one for each of the component parts) as compared with a singlecasing which has only one ordinary flexure.

Extraordinary i'lexure occurs at an angle with respect to ordinaryflexure.

Now, in order that the meaning, the cause, and the advantages ofextraordinary flexure, such as I obtain in my compound'tire, may beclearly understood, an explanation of the causes .lof skidding ofvehicles carrying ordinary tires is in order.

When a vehicle carrying ordinary tires is driven on a curved path, Vthehub of theouter rear wheel, due to centrifugal force, tends to moveoutwardly and consequently causes skdding. Since .the ordinary casing onthat wheelis directly in contact withthe ground, the pulling of the samelaterally bythe hub will, under certain conditions (asl is well known tothose skilled in the art) pull therewith the tread of said casing,

Y and the pulling of said tread causes thevehicle mounted causesskidding of the Vehicle.

Contrasted with the above skidding eiects of casings of the prior art,the extraordinary exure of my compound casing produces a compensatingaction which tends to minimize skidding eiects.

wherein non=metallic means 'is 'positioned betweerr the' two` casings iforming the compound ""'tire; and

i Figure '4 "is" a Jsectionalelevatior'i of'a further modification ofthe invention# whereinmetallic means is provided between the two casingsforming the compound tire, said metallic means having lateral extensionswhich permit the tire to be run on a trackway or the like.

The hub pulls my primary casing, but since the Referring to Figure 1, arim I0 has mounted tread of the secondary casing is in frictionalconthereon a casing I I which contains a pneumatic tact with the groundor road, it resists the pulltube I2. Mounted on the casing II is ariming of the primary casing, consequently, the pulllike member I3 andmounted on the rim-like ing part of theprimary casing dragstherewithmember I3 is .a casing.. I4. the part offthesecondary casing with whichit is As vshown inl'Figure 2 thercasing Iltis preferin contact, andlexure is produced on the sides ably not provided with a tread, butinstead of the secondary casing and this flexure is termed it has anannular depression I5 formed thereextraordinary exure. in to conform tothe inner surface of the rim- Before the extraordinary flexure can reacha like member I3. The casing I4 has a tread II maximum, the tread on thesecondary casing, due formed thereon and Within the casing I may to therotation of the vehicle Wheel, will change be placed a pneumatic tubeI'I. A valve stem IB, its position of contact with=.theground, anda newextending through. a suitable hole formed in the series of extraordinaryflexures is produced which rim I0, is provided for inating the pneumatictends to nullify skidding tendencies. tube I2. A valve stem I9 mayextend through the A Khighly important` advantage of my comwall of thecasing I4, just clearing the rim-like --:poundcasings-withdiferentialrlexure, is -the member I3, foriniiating'theepneumatimtube I'I. -highly-smooth cushion# that mytireHprovides-be- VvWhen placing-the casing II -With -itstube I2 on---tween-the vehicleandthesurface over rwhich it the rim I0, a slight`amountof air'is -putinto'ethe -is"-driven. tube I2, as is ordinarilyVcustomary-.1This-leaves Suppose the-primary1casing is "hardly in- 25 thecasing II suflicientlysoft, flexibleandJ-deflated while -theVsecondary-casing is softly informable, to venable one to'mount therim-like `atedxJIhe-flexurer Willstart in the secondary member I3-thereon in` the depression I5# =Fol casingrand-l-willend vin-both Athesecondary and lowing this, the -casing Ill,Y withv its Ypneu-maticAYthe"primary-"casings:"This provides'a lhighly detube I1, is mounted onthe rim-likemember I3 sirable cushioning effect. *Then add to this the30 inthe usual and customary Yway that an ordinaryv'cushion-producedbyextraordinary vexure', and casing andtube is mountedon arimL-Thetubes Wejhavewhat-might be'termed adifferential I2 and I'IAmay bev individuallyfinflatedviaffl'the cushion. yvalve=stems I8 andI9,respectively, to l.anyde- -If vehiclesweredriven'always alongafstraight siredpressure, and these pressures maybe in wpath'atthefsame'speedV and under the same tem- 35 accordance with theconditions under` whichj the f perature-and humidityrconditions, on asmooth --compound-tire is to be used; ffForiexamplepif-the pavement,with the same load, existing-tires on tube II is iniiated to ahigherepressure:than-the theirwheels would give ideal-conditions.Howlpressure inwthe tube IZ'-, the casing- 'II-will' be ever, it is lawell known factthat no vehicle is substantiallymore-flexible andwillf-give1feasy" f driven any appreciable length of time under such 40riding qual-ities. ideal conditions. 'Each-revolution of 'the wheel Mynew and improved arrangement is-simple, v0f a vehicle rotates underconstantly 'changing foolproof, and it doeslnotl-nvolve any-'special-conditions-andsome of-itheseH conditions provide utools'for applying ittoethe-'rim of'ra vehicle, as a more or less uncomfortable rideandothers tools-ordinarily employed for :app1yingz-.1-,ires toHjcaursetaccidents. -rims are all that is necessary.

neWand"improvedwcornpoundrtires.with Due tothelfact that the' tube ineachfvoasing i i diiTerential-exures; lcounteract andV compensate isindividually f iniatable, Y a wide variety Aofepres- "theseconditions'andtherebyprOVde a mOSl' lsure-combinationsv may be obtained, u)due-to-the l"comfortable 'ride andY minimizev the causes of acfactthat-there is asolid casing wall and-a metal- L'cidenta at leastr`insofar as'theabove mentioned 50 lic member; such as|3.,.,slamming,the.tu-@F411 conditions areconcerned. termediatetheetread`and-the vehicle-rim; lat- In'01der't0 ShOW JChe VerSalJilitY'Of my newand eral bulge of they tire-is localized-into-two-areas, improvedcompound'tirewith 4one casing supone-adjacent to theeveniolerim andfoneAbetween ""Dorted onand'interlocked'wth another Casing therim-likemember I'3-and'thetread I6.-- Ob- "whichiscarried onrtherimofthevehiclewheel, 55 Vi0uS1y, the metallic-member Nicam lee-:omitted"I'have`il1ustrated' herein a"^compoundr lcasing in entirely 0rnon-'metallic--means--may bevlsub- "Wheha metallic member S"IIte1`D0Sel'belWeen stituted-therefor. This'is -thecase -in the=-mod A"thetwointerlockedcasingsya modication thereifcation Shown in Figure 3; where@vehicle `rim of where the metallic member is extended and is 20 has acasing 2 I meuntedvthereom -Within the adapted'fm' plural' 115e, 21mlYet aIlOtheI' mod' 60 casing 2I isa'pneumaticv tube 2'2`into: which airication in which'non-metallic means is provided may befedV viaavalveistem 23 passing-through between' the CaSingS. afsuitab'le holeformed intheA rim 20.

Referring t0 the ClaWDgS The. Vexterior surface of.the casing 2I has anFgulel SB Side elevation VOf a. mOtOIVehClB annular Confgrmatjon V2af0r1ned--therin!f -'Ihjs Wheel'ShOWII'gmYneW and improved "COmPOlmCl 65conformation is shown as somewhat* different Casing mounted 'GheeOn fromthel conformation I;5 in the'tire 'I'I,'but"I do 'Figure A2 is asectionalrelevation, takenalong not wish to be-1imited 'toyhaying'theconforma- --gthelines 2'-2 ofFigure l; y"tion-followa'limited'pattern;b'ecauserobviously "i'Figure 3 is a sectional"elevation of a lmodthis conformation can be of-lmany-shapesg all `i'edform ofthe arrangementy shownin Figure 2, 70 0fY which are equallyeTeGliVe- Y Positioned in the-conformation 24 -is ai-Web hasVdependingportions -21= a'nd128which conform to corresponding. groovesforming a part of the conformation 24; Within the body of the casing 2Sandadjacent to the depending portion 21 is an annular reinforcement 29.Likewise, on the other side, adacent the portion 28, is `a similarreinforcement 36.- 1

The lips of the casing 26 are provided with cooperating annulae 3| and32 of soft rubber,

which are of such thicknesses that when the cas-- ing 26'is mounted onthe casing 2|, these annulae engage each other under stress and form afluidtight. closure. A valve stern 33 may extend throughl the wallof thecasing 25 and communicate with the interior thereof, so that said interior may be inated. The casing 25 is provided with. a tread 34 andwithin the interior of the casing is a layer of material 35 suitable forclosing and healing.

Referring now to Figure 4, a vehicle rim 35 has mounted thereon a casing31 which may containv a pneumatic tube 33. Although no valve stemis'shown for inflating this tube, it is obvious that such a valve stemmay be arranged like the valve stem I8 or the valve stem 23. The casing31 has an annular cavity 35 formed therein to accommodate a metallicrim-like member 48. rThe rim-like member 4I) has a depressed portionwhich nts the annular cavityv39 fand it has an annular portion 4I whichis laterally flat, extending from the right side thereof, as seen .l

in Figure 4, and a second annular portion 42 which extends therefrom tothe left, as seen in Figure 4.

Mounted in the ldepressed portion of the rinilike member 43 is a secondcasing 43 which may be provided with a pneumatic tube 44 and whichcarries a tread 45. No valve stem is shown in Figure 4 for inating thepneumatic tube 44, but it is obvious that a valve stem, such as thatshown at I9, in Figure 2, may be arranged in the same manner forinflating the tube 44.

It will be noted that the casing 31 has portions adjacent to the annularcavity for backing up the annular extensions 4I and 42.

The casing 3'! is substantially larger and consequently has a muchgreater volume content than the `casing 43. Therefore, it may beinflated softly for maximum cushion effect, while the casing 43 may beinflated harder. Now, in the event that the arrangement shown in Figure4 is used on rails, so that either the surface 4I, the surface 42, orboth, run on rails, there is an ample air cushion between such rails andthe vehicle upon which the rim is mounted. On the other hand, if thecasing 43 runs on the -surface of the ground or roadway, the cushioneffect of the tire 31 is superior to any like device of the prior art.

In all three of the forms of the invention described above, it will beunderstood that the air pressure in the casings forces the pair intointerlocking relation.

Also, in all three forms of the invention shown, the element interposedbetween and contacted by both casings may be omitted and the outercasing may be mounted directly on the inner casing.

In the form shown in Figure 3, the nonmetallic member 24 between the twocooperative casings may be formed of a material which is 'softer thanthe rubber of which the casings are comprised and when both casings areinflated, the air pressure acting in all directions, forces the casingsinto intimate contact with each other, and due to the fact that thenon-metallic material is soft, it conforms to the surfaces of thecasings, which are made of a material which is'v not as soft as theinsert, and thereby eliminates the rnecessity of exercising extremeaccuracy in constructing the casings.

In the form shown in Figure 2, .the metallic member I3 between the twocooperative casings is the counterpart of the shield employed in myearlier applications herein referred to, and it may conveniently be madein the form of a rim or in any other desirable shape, keeping in mindthe interlocking feature. f

In the form shown in Figure 4, the shield rnem` .ber 4i) may perform adouble function: (l) it hasY a depressed portion which functions with.the two casings to interlock them when they are both in-.j

flated; and (2) it functionsas a metallic tireor wheel surface which isparticularly adapted to operate on rails, and a good example of such ause of such a tire is to equip aircraft, such vas are carried onvessels, carriers, etc.,; with such` tires, and the extended portions 4Iand 42 of the member d8 cooperate with. the rails on the catapult forlaunching the planes from the ship. Now, when the aircraft returns tothe ship,v thev outer casing is particularly adapted to rollY on thedeck during the landing operation.

It can be seen that I have provided two corn. ponent parts which can bereadily interlocked with each other to form my compound casing. In thepreferred form of my invention, I insert the tube I1 in the casing i4and after putting a small amount of air therein, I insert the metallic.

ring i3. Next, I deform the casing member II sufciently to insert itinto casing member i4.. In inserting the casing member II into saidcasing I4, the depression i5 which is provided on the periphery of thecasing II acts as a` guidato readily position said two casing membersto.`

gether in the proper relation to each other; In other words, the guide fenables one to readily mount the two casing members together.

It can be seen that a similar assembling guide is provided with theother two examples 'shown in Figures 3 and 4, the shape of the guideslin Figures 3 and 4 varying from the guide I5, shown,

in Figure 2.

The depressions or guides of the different forms shown in Figures 2, 3and 4 each have two purposes: (a) as a guide for assembling, as statedabove; and (b) as a locking means to :prevent lateral displacement ofthe two cooperativecasing members.

What is claimed is:

1. In a compound tire, a pneumatic casing hav. ing depressed annularsocket means formed on the' periphery thereof instead of a tread, anannular web mounted on said casing and conforming to said annular socketmeans, and a second pneumatic casing mounted on said web and having atread on its outer periphery, said second casing having protrusionsconforming to said annular web when the latter is mounted in andconforms to said annular socket means, said casings, when inflated,being adapted to interlock with said web asienta 1 tionconforming tosaid depressions-1andl havingan` outer 'periphery'carrying a tread.

3. In a compound tire,`a casing adapted'to be mounted on the rim of awheel, the vperiphery of said' casing 'including an' annular flatportion formed integral therewith and having annular depressions,Yformed therein, a web of material carried onsaid surface and conformingto it and' to said depressions, a second casing mounted on saidy rstcasing with said vweb of material sand-y wiched therebetween, saidsecond casing include' ing a portion conforming tosaid depressions andhaving annular rings of resilient material on the' lips-bordering theopening therein, said lips being in cooperative relationship to rendersaidsecond casing" duid-tight, and a tread on the outer periphery of thesaid second casing.

4'.` A tire according to claim 3 in which said se'cond casing hasannular reinforcing means embedded therein. adjacent to said portionsconforming to said depressions.

5. In a pneumatic tire, a wheel, a, primary'casingv mounted on saidwheel", spaced annular depressed. socket means formed on theperiphery'of said casing, annular webv means in said suchet-r means, asecondary' casing mounted on said primary casing, said secondary casingbeing adapted to be folded and adapted t'o cooperate with said web meansand become' air-tight after it has been assembled with said primarycasing.

6. Inf combination, a Vehicle carrying a plu-- rality of compoundpneumatic tires', each of which is comprised of a compound casingconstituting a: beadle'ss casing member having atread' 4adapted to formisole contact with thev ground, and a second casingmember havingbeads'adap'tedl to embrace the rim upon which it is mountedconcentrically, said second member being assembled concentrically withinand supporting. said rst member and both said members includinglaterally spaced annular depressions and'cooperative annular protrusionsbeing interlocked at their intersections by the force of the airpressure' within them,` said casing's and the Wheels'upon which they aremounted being adapted to rotate as said vehicle moves along, meansassociated lwith said vehicle to enable said wheelsv and said casings tomaintain a given rotary phase with each other, said intersections, dueto the adjacent flexible portions, being adapted to enable the portionsof said casings which are'in contact with the ground to yield to saidphase when other parts of said casin`g',due to abnormal rotations of.said. wheels; mayA deviateflrem said phase.-

7, In a compeimdv tira-fa; pneumaticcasing arranged to` be mounted onthe rim of a vvehicle wheel, depressed socket means formed on the'lperiphery' of said casing 'and' having-laterallyrv spaced V-shapedfannular" locking" Vdepiiessimis therein, and a second pneumatic'casingrcarrying a tread on its outer periphery VandV mounted n said annularsocket means withv annular" V- shaped protrusions engagingsaiddepessi'onsand supported' by said socket means on said nrst easeing.

8. In a compound tire, aca'sing adapted tof be' mounted on a rim andhaving an annular periph:y eryparallel to the axis thereof instead ofdal tread,

spacedl `annular depressionsv formed in vsaid'- periphery= an annularrim-'likeV member mounted on saidcasing conforming tof saidperipheryrand having lateral extensions, and a second. cas-ing mountedon said annular rim-like member and carrying a tread, theI lateraliwidth of said sec;`

ond casing being less thanthev lateral Width' of said first casing,saidl casings', whenr inflated, bei ing adapted to interlock withsaidrim-like member to form said compound tire.-

9. In a pneumatic tire, a rim:y constituting'. a:

primary mounting wel-l, a vpriinfia'ry casing mount= ed' on said Well,annular socket means formed on# the outer periphery of said primarycasing.' and lying on an' annular plane displaceci radially rfrom saidwell and including spacedapart annular de# pressions therein, asecondarycasing mountcdon said primary casing, and guide meansb'etvve'eit said primary and secondary casings engagingsaid' peripheryand said depressions.

SEYD' i REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record i tle`le of this patent:

UNITED STATES? PATENTS 4 Number Name Date" l 508,621 Kiri; etal Nov.V14, 1893I 1,033,944 Rushton July 30, v19212v 1,064,611 chipley June1o', 19213? 1,131,772 chinnock- Mar. 16, 1915 1,989,402 cupp Jari, 29,1935 2,231,745 Altmyer Feb; 11, 1941 FOREIGN' PATENTS Number CountryDate" l 27,882 Great Britain 19(5'6l

